henri fildingi (1707 – 1754) samarTlianad iTvleba realisturi romanis fuZemdeblad. ganmanaTleblobis demokratiuli frTis warmomadgeneli, brwyinvale da mravalmxrivi mxatvari, igi Rrma kvals tovebs sxvadasxva literaturul JanrSi da didad uwyobs xels inglisuri literaturis ganviTarebas.
fildingis mSoblebi gaRaribebuli aristokratebi iyvnen. itonis kolejis damTavrebis Semdeg igi swavlis gasagrZeleblad gaemgzavra laidenis universitetSi, Tumca daaxloebiT ori wlis Semdeg datova xelmokleobis gamo. samSobloSi dabrunebis Semdeg aqtiurad daiwyo muSaoba literaturis sarbielze. Tavisi pirveli nawarmoebi – satirikuli poema “maskaradi” - fildingma gamosca lemuel guliveris fsevdonimiT da amiT miuTiTa sviftis poziciebTan Tavisi Semoqmedebis siaxlove.
igi cnobilia kargi iumoris grZnobiTa da gabeduli satiriT. - arian qalebi, romlebic Tagvis danaxvazec kivian, Tumca sinamdvileSi ki qmris mowamvla SeuZliaT, an uaresi - misi TviTmkvlelobamde miyvana. - ambobs igi.
misi piesebi didi popularobiT sargeblobdnen. maTi mxiaruli sicili izidavda farTo demokratiuli mayureblis simpaTiebs.
1737 wlis Semdeg fildingi Seudga iurisprudenciis Seswavlas. man moipova advokatobis ufleba da, amasTanave, gaagrZela literaturuli saqmianoba. igi wers poemebs, narkvevebs, saJurnalo statiebsa da realistur romanebs. fildingis kalams ekuTvnis oTxi romani. mwerlis adrindeli SemoqmedebisaTvis metad damaxasiaTebelia “jonaTan uaild didis istoria”. nawarmoebi gamoica 1743 wels. misi romanis gmirebi aRebulia realuri sinamdvilidan. mTavari gmiri - uaildi - namdvilad arsebobda. mTeli wignis manZilze avtori laparakobs uaildis sisazizRreze, romelsac igi ironiiT diad saqmeebad moixseniebs. fildingi laparakobs mZarcvelebisa da sazogadoebis maRali klasebis sulier naTesaobaze. misi Tamami satira wigns aqcevs inglisis satiristuli literaturis saukeTeso Sedevrad.
Tavisi Semoqmedebis ganviTarebis umaRles wertils fildingi - romanisti aRwevs or wignSi: “jozef endriusis Tavgadasavlis istoria” da “tom jons napovaras istoria”. am or nawarmoebs Tavad avtori uwodebs “prozad daweril komikur eposs”. maTSi fildingis, rogorc komediografis talantma, gamoyeneba hpova axali Janris - prozis - sferoSi. sicilis wyarod man gamoacxada TvalTmaqcobis gamomzeureba. am romanebSi sicilis uZlieresi iaraRi avtorma moimarjva cxovrebis bneli mxareebis mxilebisa da zneobaTa gamosworebisaTvis.
fildingis Semoqmedebis udides miRwevad marTebulad iTvleba “tom jons napovaras istoria”. masSi avtori aRrmavebs da afarTovebs Tavisi romanis realistur safuZvels, axerxebs cxovrebis ufro mravalmxriv Cvenebas. aq gamoyvanilia sazogadoebis sxvadasxva fenis warmomadgenlebi. nawarmoebi bednierebiT mTavrdeba, riTic Cans, rom fildingi ar kargavs arsebuli sazogadoebrivi CarCoebis SigniT zneobaTa gamosworebis imeds. igi miznad isaxavs, rom mkiTxvelebSi gaaRviZos mankierebisadmi zizRi, sikeTisadmi siyvaruli. mas swams adamianis bunebis keTili sawyisi. misi azriT, adamianebi xSirad Cadian borotebas ise, rom gulSi ara aqvT raime cudi.
fildingis mizania bunebisadmi mibaZva. Tavisi romanebi mas miaCnia ara gamonagonad, aramed Tanamedroveobis marTal suraTebad, istoriebad. cxovrebiseuli movlenebis farTo CvenebiT da simarTliT fildingis wignebi marTlac iZlevian mdidar masalas inglisis sazogadoebis dasaxasiaTeblad.
avtoris esTetikuri principebi uaRresad realisturia. literaturuli nawarmoebis winaSe isini ayeneben sinamdvilis Seswavlisa da ganzogadebis mizans. fildingma axleburi gaSuqeba misca romanis formas. man erTmaneTTan daakavSira da gaaRrmava saojaxo da saTavgadasavlo romani, dasZlia ra gaiZveruli romanis naklovanebani, fildingma Seqmna konstruqciulad da ideurad mTliani nawarmoebi, romelSic mocemulia cxovrebis farTo suraTebi da Caqsovilia demokratiuli ideebi.
fildingis ukanaskneli romani “Amelia” sustia mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT. mkafio realisturi saxeebi da garemoebani, agreTve satirikuli xasiaTi masSi erwymis santimentalur - didaqtikur tendenciebs.
cxovrebis ukanasknel wlebSi fildingi ukve aRar wers romanebs, Tumca sxva Janrebs igi amjeradac amuSavebs.
fildingis Semoqmedeba inglisis ganmanaTleblobis epoqis literaturis erTi mwvervalTagania. mas sruliad marTebulad SeiZleba ewodos “realisturi romanis Semqmneli, qveynis cxovrebis saocari mcodne da uaRresad maxvilgonieri mwerali”.
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